Timeline 1700-1709 + Paintings of American Women

1700

Population of the British American colonies: about 260,000 people. Boston has 7,000 people and New York, 5000. Jewish population of America numbers between 200 and 300.

Massachusetts representative assembly orders all Roman Catholic priests to vacate the colony within three months, an action also taken by the New York legislature.

Anglicans in England grow concerned that their church does not have a significant presence in North Carolina. The Reverend Daniel Brett becomes the first Anglican minister to serve in the colony. Brett’s disorderly behavior causes him to be called “the Monster of the Age.”

The first public library is established at Bath, North Carolina, with books sent from England by the Reverend Thomas Bray.

Pennsylvania legalizes slavery. (See this blog for more information of enslaved women in the 8th century.) 

1700 Mrs Augustus Jay. Attributed to Gerrit Duyckinck (1660–ca. 1712).

1701

Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut, is founded.

Charter of Privileges Granted by William Penn, esq. to the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania and Territories, October 28

Charter of Delaware; October 28 

1708-10 Artist: Henrietta Johnston 1674-1729. Subject: Mrs. Pierre Bacot (Marianne Fleur Du Gue)

1702

Queen Anne, the younger sister of Mary, ascends the English throne. England declares war on France after the death of the King of Spain, Charles II, to stop the union of France and Spain. This War of the Spanish Succession is called Queen Anne's War in the colonies, where the English and American colonists will battle the French and their Native American allies, plus the Spanish for the next eleven years. 1702-1713.

In Maryland, originally founded by Catholic proprietors, the Anglican Church is established as the official church, financially supported by taxation imposed on all free men, male servants, and slaves.

Surrender from the Proprietors of East and West New Jersey, of Their Pretended Right of Government to Her Majesty; April 15

New York passes An Act for Regulating Slaves prohibiting more than 3slaves from meeting together, slaves from testifying in court, and trading by slaves.

1708-09 Artist: Henrietta Johnston 1674-1729 Portrait of an Unknown Lady of South Carolina

1703

Massachusetts requires those masters who liberate slaves to provide a bond of 50 pounds or more in the event that the freedman becomes a public charge.

Connecticut assigns the punishment of whipping to any slaves who disturb the peace or assault whites.

Rhode Island makes it illegal for blacks and Indians to walk at night without passes.

1708-1709 Artist: Henrietta Johnston 1674-1729. Subject: Mary DuBose Mrs Samuel Wragg

1704

February. Deerfield, Massachusetts is destroyed and 100 residents including women and children are abducted, a consequence of Queen Anne's War.

The Boston News-Letter. Is the first printed version of a formerly handwritten newsletter sent to New England governors by the Boston postmaster is published. It offers local information and foreign news reprinted from English papers. It would continue until 1776 as a mouthpiece for the governor and the Loyalists.

Quakers in the North Carolina assembly are forced to resign after refusing to take a new oath to Queen Anne.

1710 Artist: Henrietta Johnston 1674-1729. Subject: Susanne Le Noble, Mrs Alexander de Chastaigner.

1705

The Virginia Slave Code codifies slave status, declaring all non-Christian servants entering the colony to be slaves. It defines all slaves as real estate, acquits masters who kill slaves during punishment, forbids slaves and free colored peoples from physically assaulting white persons, and denies slaves the right to bear arms or move abroad without written permission.

In New York, a law against runaway slaves assigns the death penalty for those caught over 40 miles north of Albany.

Massachusetts declares marriage between African Americans and whites illegal.

Charles Griffin, the first schoolteacher in North Carolina, operates a school in Pasquotank County. He later moves to Edenton and runs a school there for several years.

1706

January 17, Benjamin Franklin is born in Boston.

South Carolina declares the Anglican Church its official church.

Connecticut requires that Indians, mulattos, and black servants gain permission from their masters to engage in trade.

1707

Settlers in Charlestown, South Carolina successfully defend their town against an attack by French and Spanish colonists from Havana and St. Augustine

England, Scotland and Wales are combined into the United Kingdom of Great Britain by the Act of the Union, in a plan endorsed by Queen Anne.

1708

“That Properly Belongs to Every Christian Man” This record of Ann Walker's appearance before the governor and Council in Williamsburg documents one part of a continuing dispute between her and George Walker, her husband, over their religious beliefs and practices. (See this blog for more on Ann Walker's plight.)

Surveyor John Lawson, who began a thousand-mile journey through the colony at the end of 1700, publishes A New Voyage to Carolina. It describes the colony’s flora and fauna and its various groups of American Indians. Lawson also publishes a map of Carolina.

New York declares blacks, Indians, and slaves who kill white people to be subject to the death penalty.

Connecticut requires that Indians, mulattos, and black servants gain permission from their masters to engage in trade.

1709

Bathsheba Bowers (1672/3-1718) writes An Alarm Sounded to Prepare the World to Meet the Lord in the Way of His Judgments. (See this blog for more on the life and writings of Bathsheba Bowers.)

The Queen's Acceptance of the Surrender of Government New Jersey; April 17


See Burt, Daniel S., editor. THE CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE: AMERICA'S LITERARY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM THE COLONIAL ERA TO MODERN TIMES. Houghton Mifflin Internet.
Yale Law School, The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. New Haven, CT.
HISTORY MATTERS. American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning (Graduate Center, CUNY) and the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University). Internet. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/

Crochet 101

When I got up this morning I was so excited.  I was going to have my first crocheting lesson with Mrs. Shirley.  I could not wait.  When I got there I was a bundle of nerves.  I had tried to learn how to crochet once a long time ago....and it did not happen.  Since learning how to make the scarves in December I have been dying to take crochet to the next level.  Mrs. Shirley is a patient teacher.  She gave me a ball of yarn....got a ball for herself and we began lesson one....chain and single stitch.  I don't know which worked harder....my fingers or my tongue....but I finally quit trying to choke the thread.  After an hour of hard work we took a break for some Butter Pecan cake and something to drink.   At the table (one of my favorite places to visit) we talked about life, love, kids, and crochet.  When break was up we went back to work.  A little after twelve she gave me my homework.  I am to finish up my initial ball of yarn with chain and single stitch....and then...I am to take ball of yarn number two and begin without help.   Lesson two will be double and triple stitch....but hey....let's take it one step at a time.  I have a goal in mind.  I want to make a scarf and shawl.  I have found my patterns....and am ready....so wish me luck.  I will keep you posted on how I am progressing.  How many of you out there in blogger land crochet...or knit., sew, smock, tat, candlewick, cross-stitch...etc.  Do you have a craft/handiwork?  Leave a comment and let me know just what you do?  Thank you Mrs. Shirley for being willing to teach someone with two left thumbs.  You rock!

Hey, It's Okay Tuesday!

I got this idea from Glamour magazine. They have a section called Hey, It’s Okay and will list a bunch of things to be okay about. You're welcome to join in and do something like this on your blog. Doesn't have to be on a Tuesday either. Just make sure you link up and that the post you link up is a Hey, It's Okay Post.

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To be surprised to hear about Paula Deen’s poor behavior. She seems so friendly.


To still be unpacking from our Disney trip. I hate unpacking.


To miss having my meals prepared for me while at Disney. Now it’s back to cooking. And cleaning up after the cooking. Boo.


To have really enjoyed the series Hannibal. I’m glad it’s renewed!


To be reading Revenge Wears Prada, sequel to The Devil Wears Prada. I prefer the first one. It’s entertaining enough but the first one really held my attention.


To be excited that Big Brother starts tomorrow!


To have been on the Disney bus when passengers were discussing North West. I assumed they were talking about a direction to something. Then I learned, nope, it’s what Kanye and Kim named their offspring.


To be so grateful to the military base for hosting a free movie day for families with a deployed spouse. We get to see Monster University on Friday for free, along with popcorn and a drink.

Michele Felice Corne (American artist, 1752–1845) Ezekiel Hersey Derby Farm

Michele Felice Corne (American artist, 1752–1845) Ezekiel Hersey Derby Farm c 1800

Red Rooster and the HR Girls From Milliken

Today we met Marcie(my sister from another mother) and some of her Milliken staff at the Red Rooster in LaGrange for lunch.  We originally planned to eat at Katies Too (one of our favorite places - they serve cucumber and onion salad)....but they are closed on Monday.  So we ended up at the Red Rooster.  It was our first time there and I chose the Poppy Seed Chicken, turnip greens, and pineapple casserole.  Let me tell you this food was amazing.  We had a wonderful time at lunch and I thought since the food was so good I would share a couple of the recipes with you.  Here in the South casseroles are a must.  Covered dish dinners bring them out in droves and it makes me think about my dad....he hated casseroles as a whole....but did eat these two and Hash Brown casserole.  I think in Minnesota they are called hot dishes.  Either way...it is food combined in to one dish....and usually involves cheese, crushed crackers...and butter.

Poppy Seed Chicken

Ingredients:

4 skinless, boneless chicken breast halves 1/2 cup butter, melted 1 sleeve buttery round crackers (such as Ritz®), crushed 1 teaspoon poppy seeds, or more if

desired 1 (8 ounce) container sour cream 1 (10.75 ounce) can condensed cream of chicken soup 2 cups shredded Cheddar cheese

Directions:

1.	Place the chicken breasts into a large pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil over high heat, then reduce heat to medium, cover, and simmer until the chicken breasts are no longer pink in the center, about 20 minutes. Drain the water, then shred the chicken.
2.	Preheat an oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Combine the butter, crackers, and poppy seeds in a bowl; set aside.
3.	Blend the sour cream and cream of chicken soup in a bowl; pour half of the soup mixture into a 9x9-inch baking dish. Add the shredded chicken, then pour the remaining half of the soup mixture on top. Sprinkle with Cheddar cheese, then top with the cracker mixture.
4.	Bake in the preheated oven until cheese has melted and the sauce is bubbly, 25 to 30 minutes This is a great dish to take to church functions.  I never bring any of it home. Pineapple Casserole Ingredients: 1 (20 ounce) can pineapple chunks, drained 1 (8 ounce) can crushed pineapple with juice 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour 1 cup white sugar (I substitute Equal) 1 1/2 cups shredded Cheddar cheese 1 2/3 cups crushed Ritz crackers 3 tablespoons butter, melted Directions: 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). 2. Combine the pineapple chunks and crushed pineapple with syrup. Mix together and pour into a 2 quart baking dish. 3. Mix together the flour and sugar, sprinkle evenly on top of pineapple. Cover with cheese, top cheese with cracker crumbs and drizzle melted butter on top. 4. Bake at 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) for 25 minutes. Allow to cool for 10 minutes and serve. This recipe was one my dad used to make and take to all church functions.  It is wonderful with turkey, pork...anything.  I even like it for dessert.  I am learning how to crochet tomorrow and cannot wait for my lesson with Mrs. Shirley.  This is a busy week full of new adventures and Kat coming home.  It is going to be fun!

We Went To Walt Disney World Part One: All Stars Music Resort, Magic Kingdom, Wishes

Well, I’m back!

For those who are like, “Back from what?” I’ll explain.

We’ve been in Disney World for a week. We have returned. Therefore it means this week will most likely be all about Disney.

It was a family reunion on Tom’s side of the family. So even though Tom was deployed and could not come, I wasn’t totally on my own.

We stayed at a value resort. In a STANDARD room. In other words, the cheapest spot on Disney property. We stayed at All Stars Music. There are three All Stars hotels: Sports, Music, and Movies. Sometimes the Disney bus will stop at all three. MUSIC is the second stop.

Here is what the room looked like:

Two queen beds with a music décor. We had a blue carpet decorated with stars, plus a musical wall border. There was a tiny table with two chairs. Beyond that curtain was a sink and then the bathroom:

(To learn more about the hotel and see better pictures, click here.)


PROS: Had all the basics. You could order pizza and have it delivered to your room. The food court was open until midnight. The television was flat panel. (I’m always surprised when I go to hotels and they still have the fat TVs.) The beds were comfortable. If you put up the Privacy sign on the door, the maids still left clean towels and such in a bag on the door handle. Cheapest rate on Disney property.


CONS: You could hear the people in the next room. I could hear them cough. Thankfully they weren’t newlyweds so I didn’t have to explain grunts to my children. You could also hear when they flushed the toilet. We were in the rooms towards the back, so it was about a 5 minute walk to the food court and the buses. The pools were nice, but there were no slides. The alarm clock in my room did not work.


Would I stay at All Stars Music again? Probably not. I might try another value resort, Pop Century, next time. Maybe we'll upgrade to the Preferred rooms, which is one up from Standard. Or if we strike it rich, The Grand Floridian. Value hotels are for the people who don’t plan on spending a lot of time in the hotel, like us. We were basically always on the go and only used it to sleep and rest.


EATING AT DISNEY WORLD:


We were on the Quick Service plan. That’s the cheapest plan they offer. We got 2 quick service (or fast food) meals, plus a dessert, a snack, and a drink. Also you got refillable mugs that you could use at your hotel. Meaning I could fill my mug up with Diet Coke as much as I wanted. But only at our hotel. Not at any of the parks.

The Quick Service offers PLENTY of food in my opinion. You might think, hey, what about breakfast? I just brought Pop Tarts and Little Debbie snacks for the morning. Then we would eat lunch at 11. Each meal you get a dessert, and they aren’t crappy either. Normally they would be a delicious cupcake, cookie, or brownie.


Anyway, we arrived Saturday evening and decided to head straight for Magic Kingdom.

Natalie was excited to see the castle. We went to Disney World in 2008 but she didn’t remember any of it since she was a baby.

Here she is anxiously waiting to see the castle.

We rounded the corner and…

“THERE IT IS!”

She was so excited!

“You know,” she told me seriously, “Full House came here.” Yup. I remembered the episode. Michelle was princess of the day. Wandered off when Stephanie got upset with her. DJ kept seeing her boyfriend all over the place.

In front of the castle. I have no idea why Natalie was doing that.


We decided to eat at Cosmic Rays after that. I got a chili cheese dog with a salad and a chocolate cake:

Then we went to find a spot for the Electrical Parade. The castle would light up in different colors:

Blurry picture of Natalie doing that odd pose again.

The parade started and people were everywhere. The kids couldn’t see so adults started hoisting them up on shoulders. (Don’t worry. They were adults from our family. Not random adults.)

After the parade came Wishes, where the castle puts on a performance and then there are fireworks:

There’s Wreck It Ralph.


Natalie’s favorite: the lanterns from Tangled:

It was a fabulous show. If you want to see more, type in Disney World Wishes at YouTube and videos will pop up.


When the show was over, most of the people in the park are also ready to call it a night so it took awhile to leave. I felt like cattle being led along. I wanted to shout out, “Mooo!” but didn’t want to freak out Tom’s family.



More to come Wednesday (since tomorrow is Hey, It's Okay Tuesday!) It’ll include Bippity Boppity Boutique, seeing the Tangled decorated bathrooms, and eating at Cinderella’s Royal Table!

1776 America's first female lighthouse keeper

The Gurnet, a 27 acre peninsula forming the northern boundary of Plymouth Bay, is located a few miles northeast of Plymouth Rock. The Pilgrims knew the land as “the gurnett’s nose,” apparently naming the area for similar headlands in the English Channel, where the gurnet fish flourished along Devonshire’s shores. When Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1606 to map the Gurnet and Clark’s Island, he found thick pine forests & Native Americans fishing for cod using lines made of tree bark with wooden fish hooks to which a spear-shaped bone was attached.

Lighthouse at Plymouth (Gurnet), now Saquish Beach, MA

The Gurnet became part of Plymouth on January 7, 1638. By the 1770s, 75 fishing vessels were based in the area, and at one point, Duxbury was one of the world’s leading shipbuilding centers.

Under the direction of the Massachusetts Legislature, the first Plymouth Lighthouse, a wooden keeper’s dwelling measuring 15 by 30 feet, equipped with a lantern at each end of its roof, was completed in September 1768 at a cost of £660. The twin lights, exhibited at a height of 86 feet above the sea, distinguished the station from the single light used at Boston.

The lighthouse was built on land rented for 5 shillings a year from John & Hannah Thomas. John, a surgeon, was hired as the 1st keeper serving until he joined the Continental Army. He recruited a regiment of volunteers from Plymouth County to help repel the British in the Siege of Boston, & then served as a major general led troops in Quebec, where he died of small pox on June 2, 1776. Along with raising their 3 children, Hannah took over John’s lighthouse post, making her the first woman lighthouse keeper in America.

It is said that in 1776, after Fort Andrew was erected at Gurnet Point, the H.M.S. Niger reportedly sailed around the Gurnet toward Plymouth Harbor, exchanging fire with the fort’s six-cannon battery and, many believe, destroying one of the lighthouse beacons in the process.

Plymouth’s worst shipwreck occurred in 1778, when the American privateer General Arnold was trapped in a blizzard less than a mile from Plymouth Light. Choosing to forego the risk of entering Plymouth’s inner harbor without a pilot, the captain dropped anchor hoping to ride out the storm. As the gale rose to hurricane force, the vessel drug anchor running aground on White Flats. Before residents of the Gurnet could construct a causeway over the ice to reach the stranded vessel, 72 of the its crew of just over 100 froze to death in view of the light.

After the war, the lighthouse was refurbished & put back in service with Hannah Thomas as keeper. Hannah hired Nathaniel Burgess (or Burges) to serve as keeper in 1786, and that same year a coasting sloop traveling from Boston to Plymouth struck a sand bar near the Gurnet. Two of the seamen from the vessel trudged 7 miles through a bitter snowstorm to reach Gurnet Lighthouse. Keeper Burgess fed & warmed them beside the fire, dispatching his assistant, possibly Hannah’s son John, to bring in the rest of the crew.

In 1790, the light was ceded to the U.S. government, & John Thomas took over as keeper. His salary of $200 per annum was lower than at other lighthouses, because the Gurnet was deemed an acceptable place to live with ample fishing & land with good soil to garden. Keepers at less hospitable locations, such as Thatcher Island or Boston Light, earned $266.67.

1843 photo of the twin Plymouth Lights. Photo from US Navy
 
After the lighthouse was completely destroyed in a fire on July 2, 1801, the merchants of Plymouth and Duxbury funded the construction of a temporary beacon. On April 6, 1802, Congress voted to repay them $270 and appropriated $2,500 to rebuild the lighthouse on the Gurnet. The Thomas family was paid $120 for the land on which twin, 22' tall lighthouses, spaced 30 feet apart, were built in 1803.

See Lighthouse Friends here for more intriguing stories.